Evidence-based principles for how to design effective instructional videos
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2211368121000231
Drawing on research conducted by Mayer (2020), this article examines evidence-based principles for how to design effective instructional videos and shows how they are grounded in cognitive theories of learning and instruction.
Principles include
- multimedia (present words and graphics),
- coherence (avoid extraneous material in slides and script),
- signaling (highlight key material),
- redundancy (do not add captions that repeat the spoken words),
- spatial contiguity (place printed text next to corresponding part of graphic),
- temporal contiguity (present corresponding visual and verbal material at the same time),
- segmenting (break a complex slide into progressively presented parts),
- pre-training (provide pre-training in the names and characteristics of key concepts),
- modality (present words as spoken text),
- personalization (use conversational language), voice (use appealing human voice),
- image (do not display static image of instructor’s face),
- embodiment (display gesturing instructor), and
- generative activity (add prompts for generative learning activity).